Chinese experts answer some questions about the novel coronavirus for foreign students

The infection index of novel coronavirus is 3

In an online exchange with representatives of overseas students, academician Zhong Nanshan said that the infectivity of the new virus would be "unexpected".

In terms of infectivity index, the general influenza is 1, SARS is close to 2, the Middle East respiratory syndrome is 1.5, and the novel coronavirus is 3.

Does novel coronavirus pneumonia have sequela? What is the effect on the lungs?

In the live broadcast, some foreign students asked: if you are out and unfortunately infected, is there any sequela? What is the effect on the lungs? Novel coronavirus pneumonia is not too harmful to lung, and sequela is not obvious.

Zhong Nanshan introduces, if go out unfortunately be infected, should notice: young people general antibody is stronger, if do not have many disease (such as heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, etc.), general recovery is faster, drink more water to take some medicine will recover.

He added that he had seen many patients, including the lungs, who recovered well in general. Novel coronavirus pneumonia is better than SARS unless the critically ill patients will affect the hematopoietic system, affect bleeding, and affect the liver, kidney and lungs. After the restoration of novel coronavirus pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis is not too heavy, and it looks reversible.

More than 100 patients have been given lung function tests, which have not yet recovered to normal level, but the damage should not be too large, it will slowly recover, and the sequelae is not large. "Four mornings" is the key to avoid the vast majority of infections

Zhong Nanshan said that for China, the biggest feature is "four early", that is, early protection, early detection, early diagnosis and early isolation.

He said that the awareness of "early protection" is actually self-protection, the most important thing is self-protection, including keeping distance, wearing masks, etc.; early detection, going to see a doctor if you feel uncomfortable; early diagnosis; early isolation, which is actually the biggest difference between China and other countries. As soon as we reach the community, we call community joint prevention and control, the most important thing is to urge from all aspects , remind each other of help. We know that this disease is mainly infected by droplets and contact. As long as we avoid this disease, we can avoid the vast majority of infections.

I don't approve of mass immunization, which costs a lot of people

Zhong Nanshan: in Europe, it is reported that 20% of people have antibodies, and the highest reported one is 25%. This figure is far away from the so-called group immunity. This disease (novel coronavirus pneumonia) is immune to the general population, and it is usually possible for six percent or seventy of the people to be infected. I don't quite agree with this approach. Many people have to be sacrificed. Even if it is 1%, it is ten to twenty times, or even one hundred times higher than the flu. If you are 2% or 3%, that's even better. You have to sacrifice a lot of people to get group immunity. I don't think it's feasible. We have many ways. We can prevent, we can protect, we will buy time, and we will try to make vaccines.

There is no evidence that the novel coronavirus will spread through mosquitoes

Zhong Nanshan: Generally speaking, the survival rate and activity rate of the virus under high temperature are relatively poor, so with the arrival of summer, the activity of the virus will decline, and the epidemic situation will generally decline. Although UV is not as strong as UV disinfection, high temperature is not good for virus activity and transmission. We know that mosquitoes can transmit many viruses. Two outstanding examples are malaria and dengue fever, which are still common in Africa. But now there is no evidence that the novel coronavirus will be infected by mosquitoes, so I don't think the novel coronavirus can be transmitted by mosquitoes.

Simple dry cough can't completely explain the problem

Some students asked: novel coronavirus pneumonia is the main reason for dry cough? Is it self checking? Zhong Nanshan's answer to this question: it is suggested to go to the outpatient department of the hospital for nucleic acid detection, and the symptoms of dry cough alone can not completely explain the problem.

Zhong Nanshan introduced that cough is a common symptom of many diseases, dry cough is generally the symptom of acute bronchitis, it is not the earliest symptom of influenza.

At the same time, he reminded the students staying abroad to find the hospital outpatient to do antibody test. Because of the high requirements of nucleic acid test, it is impossible for them to do it at home. Don't take dry cough as the only consideration. It should be analyzed. You can ask the students who are studying medicine. One of the manifestations of asthma is dry cough. The symptoms of simple dry cough can't fully explain the problem.

How to distinguish influenza novel coronavirus pneumonia from symptoms?

At the beginning of this year, influenza broke out in the United States. Flu and novel coronavirus pneumonia novel coronavirus pneumonia, so how do we distinguish between influenza and new crown pneumonia in daily life? Zhong Nanshan answered this question.

Zhong Nanshan: China's domestic GDC has reported a 90% reduction in influenza prence in more than three months. Because we all pay attention to keeping distance and wearing masks, there is less flu. Influenza is very similar to the symptoms of novel coronavirus. First of all, it is systemic. At the beginning, fever may account for more than 50%, not everyone has a fever. Influenza also has this situation. At the beginning, the whole body is uncomfortable, stuffy nose, light cough, especially fatigue, so it is difficult to distinguish by symptoms alone. If there is no detection, it is difficult to carry out differential diagnosis.

In Chinese mainland, have a fever usually will detect nucleic acid virus for you, but the United States can use deep slobber, nasal swab and swab. I suggest using some cold medicine, such as ibuprofen, etc., which is not harmful to the novel coronavirus. So at this time, we can only differentiate diagnosis by detection, not by symptoms.

What to do in the face of asymptomatic infection: prefer to believe it or not?

Some foreign students asked academician Zhong Nanshan how to protect the asymptomatic infected people. Zhong Nanshan explained this.

Chinese mainland is experiencing most of the imported patients are asymptomatic infections. The word "asymptomatic" is not very accurate. There are actually several such cases. One is that he has taken the test voluntarily. After testing it has been found that the nucleic acid is positive but he has no symptoms, which is called asymptomatic. If he has symptoms, he will not be asymptomatic.

For asymptomatic infection, there are several situations as follows. First, there is actually a type. It is the precursory period or incubation period of the disease, generally three to seven days. During this period, he has no symptoms, but he has already been infected. After three to seven days, he has a fever and cough. In fact, this is called the incubation period, or the precursory period. This is definitely a novel coronavirus pneumonia infection, which is the first type.

The second type is that you pay special attention to what is called the asymptomatic infected person. Actually, there are some of them who are not comfortable with it. We also find some of them are not uncomfortable with him. But he came to Chinese mainland to check it out and come to talk with him in detail in ward. He felt that because he was going to go back to China recently, this one was very tired, his muscles hurt, and he felt tired. He also burned and took some medicine, which belongs to this type. In fact, he was tested positive for nucleic acid. In fact, he was a very light infected person. This type of person should pay special attention to his feelings. For example, in the near future, it is not likely to have a high fever, but it is very tired, sleepy, sore muscles, and bad nose and throat. This is the symptom, which accounts for a considerable part.

The third type is indeed possible. One of the tests is positive. After a period of time, the patient still has no symptoms. But Chinese mainland still has to pay attention to isolation and follow up in a designated hospital. Do you want to do it again or not. In addition, we also need to do serum antibodies, using two common tests. If the second test turns negative, the antibody is also negative, not at all. If it is positive for the second time, this situation also exists. This is the so-called asymptomatic infection. All three exist, and the proportion is being counted.

Fourth, it's very different. A small number of nucleic acids are positive, but they are always positive for him. After one month's work, they are all positive, and no antibodies are produced. We call him a virus carrier, and this individual situation will exist.

In general, people need to "believe it rather than not" for those asymptomatic infections detected. They need to have a certain distance, and some isolation is still needed. In this way, it can be avoided in the future, because the asymptomatic infected person is infectious in the first five days when he develops symptoms. It is understood that five days before and five days after the symptoms of the novel coronavirus, when the virus is most likely to infect people, five days after the disease, his viral infectivity will come down, except for very serious patients, generally. In addition, the asymptomatic infected person is really infected with this. He also has a certain degree of infectivity in the first five days, so this has not been very clear answer. Zhong Nanshan believes that in the current practice of the mainland, all nucleic acids positive should be isolated in designated hospitals first, and then checked to be negative after a period of time, so they should go out. This situation should not be relied on once, but on a repetition, so as to get a better conclusion.